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Amazon Linux 2에 Kubernetes 1.26 설치

쿠버네티스 공식 다큐멘테이션 내의 kubeadm으로 설치하는 문서를 기반으로 작성하였습니다. (참고사이트: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/)

  • OS는 Amazon Linux 2를 사용하였습니다.
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat /etc/*release
NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="centos rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="2"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2"
HOME_URL="https://amazonlinux.com/"
SUPPORT_END="2025-06-30"
Amazon Linux release 2 (Karoo)
  • 설치 요구 조건으로 2 CPU, 2GB 메모리가 있습니다. 2 CPU, 4GB 메모리 환경에서 진행했습니다. 총 3대로 구성할 것입니다.
  • Swap을 끄는 것과, selinux를 끄라는 조건이 있는데, Amazon Linux 2에는 이미 이 설정이 되어있는 상태라 진행할 필요가 없었습니다. selinux를 끄는 것은, 매뉴얼에 정확히 selinux가 언급된 것은 아니지만, 전체 클러스터간에 전체 네트워크 통신이 가능해야 한다는 표현이 있습니다. selinux를 정교하게 관리할 수 있다면 켜두어도 설치가 가능할 수 있습니다.
  • 그 외 세부적인 설치 요구 조건은 공식 다큐멘테이션 참고바랍니다.

 

kubeadm을 통한 kubernetes 설치

(참고사이트: https://v1-26.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/) Amazon Linux는 Redhat Linux 계열 OS입니다. Red Hat-based distributions를 따라 설치 진행합니다.

  1. SELinux를 Permissive 모드로 변경 상술하였듯이, Amazon Linux는 SELinux가 애초에 Disabled 상태입니다.
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

따라서 굳이 더 보안 등급이 높은 Permissive 모드로 올리지 않고, disabled 상태로 두고 진행하면 됩니다.

  1. 쿠버네티스 yum repository 추가
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
> [kubernetes]
> name=Kubernetes
> baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=1
> gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
> exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
> EOF
  -> yum 명령어 사용을 위한 repo 파일 생성. EOF까지가 쭉 명령어임. root 계정으로 진행하고 있어서, 매뉴얼상의 명령어중 sudo는 뺐음

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo    
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235 Oct 24 20:01 /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
  -> repo 파일 생성된 것 확인

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
  -> 상단에 실행한데로 파일 내용 들어간 것 확인
  1.  kubelet, kubeadm, kubectl설치
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
amzn2-core                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
amzn2extra-docker                                                                                                                                                                                              | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
kubernetes                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 1.7 kB  00:00:00     
(1/5): amzn2extra-docker/2/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                   | 101 kB  00:00:00     
(2/5): amzn2-core/2/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                          | 729 kB  00:00:00     
(3/5): amzn2extra-docker/2/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                   |  13 kB  00:00:00     
(4/5): amzn2-core/2/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                          |  67 MB  00:00:01     
(5/5): kubernetes/primary                                                                                                                                                                                      |  19 kB  00:00:01     
kubernetes                                                                                                                                                                                                                    185/185
2 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kubeadm.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kubernetes-cni >= 1.1.1 for package: kubeadm-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cri-tools >= 1.25.0 for package: kubeadm-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64
---> Package kubectl.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1 will be installed
---> Package kubelet.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: socat for package: kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ebtables for package: kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: conntrack for package: kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package conntrack-tools.x86_64 0:1.4.4-5.amzn2.2 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_cthelper.so.0(LIBNETFILTER_CTHELPER_1.0)(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_cttimeout.so.1(LIBNETFILTER_CTTIMEOUT_1.0)(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_cttimeout.so.1(LIBNETFILTER_CTTIMEOUT_1.1)(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_cthelper.so.0()(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_cttimeout.so.1()(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetfilter_queue.so.1()(64bit) for package: conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64
---> Package cri-tools.x86_64 0:1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2 will be installed
---> Package ebtables.x86_64 0:2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1 will be installed
---> Package kubernetes-cni.x86_64 0:1.2.0-150500.2.1 will be installed
---> Package socat.x86_64 0:1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libnetfilter_cthelper.x86_64 0:1.0.0-10.amzn2.1 will be installed
---> Package libnetfilter_cttimeout.x86_64 0:1.0.0-6.amzn2.1 will be installed
---> Package libnetfilter_queue.x86_64 0:1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                        Arch                                           Version                                                       Repository                                          Size
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kubeadm                                                        x86_64                                         1.26.10-150500.1.1                                            kubernetes                                         9.5 M
 kubectl                                                        x86_64                                         1.26.10-150500.1.1                                            kubernetes                                         9.8 M
 kubelet                                                        x86_64                                         1.26.10-150500.1.1                                            kubernetes                                          20 M
Installing for dependencies:
 conntrack-tools                                                x86_64                                         1.4.4-5.amzn2.2                                               amzn2-core                                         186 k
 cri-tools                                                      x86_64                                         1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2                                            amzn2-core                                          18 M
 ebtables                                                       x86_64                                         2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1                                           amzn2-core                                         122 k
 kubernetes-cni                                                 x86_64                                         1.2.0-150500.2.1                                              kubernetes                                         6.2 M
 libnetfilter_cthelper                                          x86_64                                         1.0.0-10.amzn2.1                                              amzn2-core                                          18 k
 libnetfilter_cttimeout                                         x86_64                                         1.0.0-6.amzn2.1                                               amzn2-core                                          18 k
 libnetfilter_queue                                             x86_64                                         1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2                                             amzn2-core                                          24 k
 socat                                                          x86_64                                         1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1                                           amzn2-core                                         291 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+8 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 64 M
Installed size: 333 M
Downloading packages:
(1/11): conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                             | 186 kB  00:00:01     
(2/11): ebtables-2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 122 kB  00:00:00     
(3/11): cri-tools-1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                |  18 MB  00:00:02     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2/kubernetes/packages/kubectl-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 9a296436: NOKEY                                                  ] 4.6 MB/s |  28 MB  00:00:07 ETA 
Public key for kubectl-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(4/11): kubectl-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                  | 9.8 MB  00:00:03     
(5/11): kubeadm-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                  | 9.5 MB  00:00:04     
(6/11): libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-6.amzn2.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  18 kB  00:00:00     
(7/11): libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-10.amzn2.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  18 kB  00:00:00     
(8/11): libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  24 kB  00:00:00     
(9/11): socat-1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                   | 291 kB  00:00:01     
(10/11): kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-150500.2.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            | 6.2 MB  00:00:03     
(11/11): kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 |  20 MB  00:00:04     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                 6.9 MB/s |  64 MB  00:00:09     
Retrieving key from https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
Importing GPG key 0x9A296436:
 Userid     : "isv:kubernetes OBS Project <isv:kubernetes@build.opensuse.org>"
 Fingerprint: de15 b144 86cd 377b 9e87 6e1a 2346 54da 9a29 6436
 From       : https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-150500.2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            1/11 
  Installing : libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       2/11 
  Installing : libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-10.amzn2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     3/11 
  Installing : libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-6.amzn2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     4/11 
  Installing : conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            5/11 
  Installing : kubectl-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                 6/11 
  Installing : ebtables-2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               7/11 
  Installing : socat-1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                  8/11 
  Installing : kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                 9/11 
  Installing : cri-tools-1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              10/11 
  Installing : kubeadm-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                11/11 
  Verifying  : kubernetes-cni-1.2.0-150500.2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            1/11 
  Verifying  : cri-tools-1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               2/11 
  Verifying  : socat-1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                  3/11 
  Verifying  : kubeadm-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                 4/11 
  Verifying  : ebtables-2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               5/11 
  Verifying  : kubectl-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                 6/11 
  Verifying  : conntrack-tools-1.4.4-5.amzn2.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            7/11 
  Verifying  : libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-6.amzn2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     8/11 
  Verifying  : kubelet-1.26.10-150500.1.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                 9/11 
  Verifying  : libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-10.amzn2.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    10/11 
  Verifying  : libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      11/11 

Installed:
  kubeadm.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1                                         kubectl.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1                                         kubelet.x86_64 0:1.26.10-150500.1.1                                        

Dependency Installed:
  conntrack-tools.x86_64 0:1.4.4-5.amzn2.2         cri-tools.x86_64 0:1.26.1-1.amzn2.0.2          ebtables.x86_64 0:2.0.10-16.amzn2.0.1  kubernetes-cni.x86_64 0:1.2.0-150500.2.1  libnetfilter_cthelper.x86_64 0:1.0.0-10.amzn2.1 
  libnetfilter_cttimeout.x86_64 0:1.0.0-6.amzn2.1  libnetfilter_queue.x86_64 0:1.0.2-2.amzn2.0.2  socat.x86_64 0:1.7.3.2-2.amzn2.0.1    

Complete!
  1. 설치된 것 확인
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.26.10
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.10", GitCommit:"b8609d4dd75c5d6fba4a5eaa63a5507cb39a6e99", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-10-18T11:42:11Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.10", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubectl version
WARNING: This version information is deprecated and will be replaced with the output from kubectl version --short.  Use --output=yaml|json to get the full version.
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.10", GitCommit:"b8609d4dd75c5d6fba4a5eaa63a5507cb39a6e99", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-10-18T11:44:31Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.10", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Kustomize Version: v4.5.7
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
  1. kubelet 구동
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
  -> systemctl에 enable 시켜두어 매번 재부팅 때마다 자동으로 띄우도록 합니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ps -ef | grep kubelet
root      35977  35665  0 20:12 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kubelet
  -> 헌데 확인해보면 프로세스가 떠있지 않는 상태입니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
           └─10-kubeadm.conf
   Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2023-10-24 20:10:52 UTC; 6s ago
     Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/
  Process: 35918 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 35918 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Oct 24 20:10:52 minhangk8s-01 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Oct 24 20:10:52 minhangk8s-01 systemd[1]: Unit kubelet.service entered failed state.
Oct 24 20:10:52 minhangk8s-01 systemd[1]: kubelet.service failed.
  -> status 확인해보면 뭔가 에러 발생해서 뜨지 않고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 아직초기화를 진행하지 않아서 그렇습니다.

 

kubeadm을 통한 kubernetes 초기화

(참고 사이트: https://v1-26.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/)

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 
I1024 20:55:19.376527   35860 version.go:256] remote version is much newer: v1.28.3; falling back to: stable-1.26
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.10
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "minhangk8s-01" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "minhangk8s-01": lookup minhangk8s-01 on 168.126.63.1:53: no such host
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
        [ERROR CRI]: container runtime is not running: output: E1024 20:55:19.862528   35868 remote_runtime.go:616] "Status from runtime service failed" err="rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: Error while dialing dial unix /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock: connect: no such file or directory\""
time="2023-10-24T20:55:19Z" level=fatal msg="getting status of runtime: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: Error while dialing dial unix /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock: connect: no such file or directory\""
, error: exit status 1
        [ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables does not exist
        [ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-ipv4-ip_forward]: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward contents are not set to 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
-> 대뜸 초기화 명령어 실행부터 해봤더니 여러가지 에러가 발생했습니다...

에러 처리

  1. tc 명령어 없음 [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path 부분 참고

yum으로 tc 명령어 설치 진행합니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# yum install tc
Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
amzn2-core                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package iproute-tc.x86_64 0:5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                               Arch                                              Version                                                          Repository                                             Size
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 iproute-tc                                            x86_64                                            5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3                                               amzn2-core                                            432 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 432 k
Installed size: 815 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
iproute-tc-5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       | 432 kB  00:00:01     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : iproute-tc-5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               1/1 
  Verifying  : iproute-tc-5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               1/1 

Installed:
  iproute-tc.x86_64 0:5.10.0-2.amzn2.0.3                                                                                                                                                                                              

Complete!

 

  1. hostname 찾을 수 없음 [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "minhangk8s-01" could not be reached 부분 참조

-> /etc/hosts 파일에 hostname 추가합니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.100.161 MinhangK8S-01
192.168.100.162 MinhangK8S-02
192.168.100.163 MinhangK8S-03
192.168.100.164 MinhangK8S-04
192.168.100.165 MinhangK8S-05

-> vi 편집기를 통해 위와 같이 k8s 설치에 사용할 호스트명들을 집어 넣었습니다.

 

  1. bridge-nf-call-iptables 파일 없음 /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables does not exist 부분 참조
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ls -l /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
ls: cannot access /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: No such file or directory
  -> 실제로 파일이 없는 상태입니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
  -> modprobe 사용하여 초기화합니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ls -l /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 24 20:29 /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
  -> 파일 생김

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat  /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
0
  -> 해당 파일의 초기값 0으로 되어있는데, 그냥 두면 1로 설정하라고 또 에러 뜰것임

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat  /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables    
1
  -> 미리 1로 바꿔둡니다.

 

  1. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 파일 내용 1로 변경하라 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward contents are not set to 1 부분 참조 직전에 bridge-nf-call-iptables파일 1로 수정한 부분과 마찬가지입니다. 다만 파일은 이미 생성되어 있으므로 1로 변경만 해주면 됩니다.
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ls -l /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 24 06:33 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward  
0
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward   
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward     
1

 

  1. containerd.sock 파일 없음 /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock: connect: no such file or directory 부분 참조 -> 처음에 runtime 설치를 안하고 설치과정을 시작해서 그렇습니다. containerd를 runtime으로 설치 진행합니다. (docker나 crio도 가능)
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# yum install containerd
Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
amzn2-core                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package containerd.x86_64 0:1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: runc for package: containerd-1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package runc.x86_64 0:1.1.7-4.amzn2 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                              Arch                                             Version                                                      Repository                                                   Size
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 containerd                                           x86_64                                           1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5                                           amzn2extra-docker                                            28 M
Installing for dependencies:
 runc                                                 x86_64                                           1.1.7-4.amzn2                                                amzn2extra-docker                                           3.0 M

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 31 M
Installed size: 111 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/2): runc-1.1.7-4.amzn2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                           | 3.0 MB  00:00:00     
(2/2): containerd-1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                |  28 MB  00:00:00     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                                  66 MB/s |  31 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : runc-1.1.7-4.amzn2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                          1/2 
  Installing : containerd-1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               2/2 
  Verifying  : runc-1.1.7-4.amzn2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                          1/2 
  Verifying  : containerd-1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                               2/2 

Installed:
  containerd.x86_64 0:1.6.19-1.amzn2.0.5                                                                                                                                                                                              

Dependency Installed:
  runc.x86_64 0:1.1.7-4.amzn2                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Complete!

-> 설치는 yum으로 진행하면 되고, 추가적인 초기화 과정 필요합니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []

... 중략 ...

  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

-> config.toml 파일 초기화

해당 파일에 systemd를 cgroup driver로 사용하기 위한 설정 변경이 필요합니다. vi /etc/containerd/config.toml

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = false

-> config.toml파일에서 SystemdCgroup으로 찾기해보면 딱 하나 나옵니다. 위와 같은 내용으로 구성되어 있는 블록이며, 여기서 SystemdCgroup = true로 변경하고 저장해줍니다.

그리고 containerd를 기동해줍니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# systemctl enable --now containerd
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# systemctl status containerd      
● containerd.service - containerd container runtime
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-10-24 21:06:28 UTC; 3s ago
     Docs: https://containerd.io
  Process: 36662 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 36677 (containerd)
    Tasks: 9
   Memory: 13.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/containerd.service
           └─36677 /usr/bin/containerd

Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.919122697Z" level=error msg="failed to load cni during init, please check CRI plugin status before setting up network for pods" error="c...load cni config"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.919275118Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock.ttrpc
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.919309596Z" level=info msg=serving... address=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.919345366Z" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.021143s"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924024978Z" level=info msg="Start subscribing containerd event"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924225838Z" level=info msg="Start recovering state"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924360597Z" level=info msg="Start event monitor"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924519519Z" level=info msg="Start snapshots syncer"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924643966Z" level=info msg="Start cni network conf syncer for default"
Oct 24 21:06:28 minhangk8s-01 containerd[36677]: time="2023-10-24T21:06:28.924744136Z" level=info msg="Start streaming server"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ls -l /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 Oct 24 21:06 /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
-> 이제 containerd 소켓 파일도 생겼습니다.

 

  1. kubeadm 초기화 재실행
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 
I1024 21:08:35.047954   37233 version.go:256] remote version is much newer: v1.28.3; falling back to: stable-1.26
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.10
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local minhangk8s-01] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.100.61]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost minhangk8s-01] and IPs [192.168.100.61 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost minhangk8s-01] and IPs [192.168.100.61 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 21.002525 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node minhangk8s-01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node minhangk8s-01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: g2veat.u59md2i64tn12f71
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.100.61:6443 --token g2veat.u59md2i64tn12f71 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0c16e7ea8aa0142a482744df184d9f2282ed6070239af64b2e460dbf889108cd 

-> 설치 완료되었습니다. 설치 옵션으로 넣어준 pod-network-cidr은 이름 그대로 파드간의 통신에 사용될 CIDR설정값인데, flannel을 사용할 예정이기에, 10.244.0.0/16으로 설정했습니다. 이 값을 다르게 주면 flannel 설정시 에러 생깁니다. -> discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 값은 다른 노드 가입시 사용해야 하므로 잘 저장해두어야 합니다.

 

  1. kubelet 구동 확인 초기화 전에는 떠있지 않았던 kubelet이 정상적으로 떠있는 것 확인합니다.
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# ps -ef | grep kubelet
root      37990  37612  3 21:09 ?        00:00:08 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=192.168.100.61 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key
root      38127      1  1 21:09 ?        00:00:03 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock --pod-infra-container-image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
root      38644  35654  0 21:13 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kubelet
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
           └─10-kubeadm.conf
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-10-24 21:09:31 UTC; 4min 3s ago
     Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/
 Main PID: 38127 (kubelet)
    Tasks: 10
   Memory: 37.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service
           └─38127 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cont...

Oct 24 21:12:45 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:12:45.517650   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:12:50 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:12:50.518731   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:12:55 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:12:55.520286   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:00 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:00.520868   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:05 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:05.522334   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:10 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:10.524541   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:15 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:15.525152   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:20 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:20.525628   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:25 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:25.526819   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Oct 24 21:13:30 minhangk8s-01 kubelet[38127]: E1024 21:13:30.528932   38127 kubelet.go:2475] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Network pl...not initialized"
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

 

  1. KUBECONFIG 설정
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubectl get all
E1024 21:26:52.507964   39046 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
E1024 21:26:52.508320   39046 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
E1024 21:26:52.509325   39046 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
E1024 21:26:52.509597   39046 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
E1024 21:26:52.511074   39046 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:8080: connect: connection refused
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
  -> 설치가 완료되었음에도 kubectl 명령 결과가 이상하게 출력되는 상태일 것입니다.


[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile
  -> .bash_profile에 KUBECONFIG 환경변수를 추가해줍니다.

[root@minhangk8s-01 ~]# kubectl get all
NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   17m
  -> 이제 kubectl 명령어가 정상적으로 출력됩니다.

 

 

복사 붙여넣기를 위한 명령어 모음

위 과정을 따라해보시기 위한 분들을 위해, 편하게 복사&붙여넣기 할 수 있도록, 사용되었던 명령어들만 모아봤습니다.

getenforce 


cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.26/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
EOF


ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo 
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo


yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes


kubelet --version
kubeadm version
kubectl version


systemctl enable --now kubelet
ps -ef | grep kubelet
systemctl status kubelet


kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 


yum install tc

ls -l /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
modprobe br_netfilter
ls -l /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
cat  /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
cat  /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

ls -l /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward  
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward   
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward     

yum install containerd
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
/SystemdCgroup
SystemdCgroup = true
systemctl enable --now containerd
systemctl status containerd
ls -l /var/run/containerd/containerd.sock

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

ps -ef | grep kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
kubectl get all